Five new diterpenes derivatives named as ornatin A, B, C, D and E, in addition to six known related diterpenes were isolated from the aerial parts of cultivated specimens of Plectranthus ornatus. The structures were elucidated using a combination of 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) and comparison with published NMR data of analogous compounds. All isolated compounds were assayed against four human cancer cell lines, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. None of them showed any cytotoxic activity, but ornatin C, D, E and three related diterpenes displayed marginal bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects against the Gram-positive strains.

The chemical investigation of hexane and ethanol extracts from the aerial parts of Vernonia scorpioides resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new polyacetylene lactone, rel-4-dihydro-4β-hydroxy-5a-octa-2,4,6-triynyl-furan-2-(5H)-one, along with the new ethyl 3,4-dihydroxy-6,8,10-triynyl-dodecanoate, and seven known compounds: taraxasteryl acetate, lupeyl acetate, lupeol, lupenone, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and luteolin. The structure of all compounds was determined by spectrometric techniques (HR-ESI-MS, ¹H and 13C NMR and IV) and comparison with published spectral data.

Dois novos furanoflavonoides, 5-hidróxi-2’’-isopropenil-3-metoxifurano-(2",3":7,8)-flavona e 5-hidróxi-2’’-(1-hidróxi-1-metiletil)-3-metoxifurano-(2",3":7,8)-flavona, juntamente com treze compostos conhecidos, foram isolados das cascas das raízes de Lonchocarpus obtusos (Leguminosae). As estruturas de todos os compostos isolados foram determinadas usando métodos espectrométricos tais como RMN 1D e 2D (COSY, HSQC e HMBC) e EMAR, além da comparação com dados espectrais descritos na literatura para compostos de estruturas semelhantes.

Two new furanoflavonoids, 5-hydroxy-2’’-isopropenyl-3-methoxyfurane-(2",3":7,8)-flavone and 5-hydroxy-2’’-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3-methoxyfurane-(2",3":7,8)-flavone, along with thirteen other known compounds, were isolated from the root barks of Lonchocarpus obtusus (Leguminosae). The structures of all compounds were determined by spectrometric methods such as 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and HREISMS beside comparison with spectral data for similar compounds.

Este trabalho descreve a composição química dos óleos essenciais e o isolamento de onze substâncias de Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth, Asteraceae. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação, analisados por CG-EM e avaliados quanto às suas atividades frente à enzima acetilcolinesterase. O rendimento dos óleos foi de 0,11% para as folhas e 0,03% para os talos. Os principais constituintes dos óleos foram os sesquiterpenos β-cariofileno (24,9 e 22,2%), espatulenol (17,7 e 12,4%) e epóxi-allo-aromadendreno (23,0 e 23,6%). Do extrato hexânico da parte aérea foi isolada a mistura de β-sitosterol e estigmasterol, incluindo suas formas glicosiladas, e os triterpenos acetato de taraxasterila e taraxasterol, enquanto, do extrato etanólico foram isolados os flavonóides nepetina and 3-O-glicosil-quercetina. Do extrato hexânico das raízes foram isolados os triterpenos epi-friedelanol e damara-20,24-dien-3β-ol e do extrato etanólico a cumarina 11-hidroxi-11,12-di-hidroobliquina. As estruturas de todos os compostos foram determinadas usando técnicas espectroscópica tais como IV, EM e RMN ¹H e 13C.

This work describes the chemical composition of the essential oils and the isolation of eleven substances from Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth, Asteraceae. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated towards the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The oils yield was of 0.11% for the leaves and 0.03% for the stems. The main constituents of the oils were the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (24.9 and 22.2%), spathulenol (17.7 and 12.4%) and epoxy-allo-aromadendrene (23.0 and 23.6%). From the hexane extract of the aerial part were isolated a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol, its glucosides, and the triterpenes taraxasteryl acetate and taraxasterol, while from the ethanol extract were obtained the flavonoids nepetin and 3-O-glucoside-quercetin. The triterpenes epi-friedelanol and dammara-20,24-dien-3β-ol were obtained from the hexane extract of roots, while the coumarin 11-hydroxy-11,12-di-hydroobliquine was obtained from the ethanol extract. The structures of all compounds were determinate based on spectroscopic methods such as IR, MS and ¹H and 13C NMR

The phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Blainvillea rhomboidea (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation and characterization of 8β-tigloyloxy-grazielia acid, together with the flavonoids derrone, acacetin, luteolin and luteolin 7-methyl ether, and p-(1-methyl-ethan-1-ol)-phenol. The structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (¹H and 13C NMR and HREIMS) and comparison with published spectral data. The flavonoids luteolin and 7-O-metyl-luteolin, isolated from the active dichloromethane fraction, showed moderate cytotoxic activity.

The chemical composition of the essential oils, obtained by hidrodistillation, from leaves of two Vernonia species (V. remotiflora and V. brasiliana), was determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. Both essential oils were predominantly constituted by sesquiterpenes (92.0 - 93.4%). The main constituents of the oil from V. brasilana were (E)-caryophyllene (36.7%), germacrene D (35.5%), and α-humulene (11.7%), while (E)-caryophyllene (42.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (20.0%) were the major ones in the oil from V. remotiflora. Although with moderate activity both oils showed acetylcholinesterase and antibacterial activities.

The chemical investigation of the hexane and ethanol extracts from aerial parts of Vernonia chalybaea conducted to the isolation and characterization of a new aliphatic tetrahydroxyl ether, along with a series of known compounds such as 4 α,10 α-epoxyaromadendrane, friedelin, taraxasteryl acetate, pseudotaraxasteryl acetate, lupeyl acetate, lupeol, α-amiryn, β-amiryn, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,2,3-tri-hydroxybuthanol, angophorol, angophorol-7-O-glucoside, angophorol-7-O-rutinoside, 3,7-dimethoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone and acacetin. The structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published spectral data.

A composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Pectis apodocephala e Pectis oligocephala foi analisada por CG-EM. Os óleos essenciais destas espécies foram predominantemente constituídos por monoterpenos. Geranial (42, 9-44, 5%), neral (32, 2-34, 2%) e alfa-pineno (10, 7-11, 4%) foram os constituintes majoritários no óleo de P. apodocephala, enquanto p-cimeno (50, 3-70, 9%) e timol (24, 4-44, 7%), foram os compostos prevalentes no óleo de P. oligocephala. Ambos os óleos foram testados contra o nematóide Meloidogyne incognita e larvas do mosquito Aedes aegypti no terceiro estágio. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os óleos exibem significante atividade e podem, portanto, ser considerados como potenciais agentes nematicida e larvicida naturais.

The chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis apodocephala and Pectis oligocephala were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oils of these species were predominantly constituted by monoterpenes. Geranial (42.9-44.5%), neral (32.2-34.2%) and alpha-pinene (10.7-11.4%) were the main constituents in the oil of P. apodocephala, while p-cymene (50.3-70.9%) and thymol (24.4-44.7%), were the prevalent compounds in the oil of P. oligocephala. The essential oils were tested against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Aedes aegypti larvae survival. The results obtained show that both essential oils exhibited significant activity and could be considered as potent natural namaticidal and larvicidal agents.

Um novo diterpeno kaureno, caracterizado como ácido 15alfa-decanoiloxi-kaur-16-en-19-óico, juntamente com os compostos conhecidos: ácido pentacosanóico, 24alfa-etil-5alfa-colesta-7,22E-dien-3beta-ol, ácido 15alfa-hidroxi-kaur-16-en-19-óico, 8beta-angeloil-9beta,10beta-diidroxi-1-oxo-germacra-4E ,11(13)dien-12,6alfa-olideo, 3beta-hidroxiicosan-1,5beta-olideo, acetate de taraxasterila, 7-O-metilcampferol, caempferol e nepetina foram isolados das flores de Eupatorium betonicaeforme. Adicionalmente, foram isolados das partes aéreas, o acetato de taraxasterila e a mistura binária de alfa- e beta-amirina, enquanto foram obtidos das raízes, a mistura de beta-sitosterol e estigmasterol, e 6-acetil-2,2-dimetilcroman-4-ona. A elucidação estrutural de todos os compostos isolados neste trabalho foi realizada por análise espectroscópica e comparação com dados descritos na literatura.

A new acylated kaurene diterpene, characterized as 15alpha-decanoyloxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, along with nine known compounds: pentacosanoic acid, 24alpha-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,22E-dien-3beta-ol, 15alpha-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 8beta-angeloyloxy-9beta,10beta-dihydroxy-1-oxo-germacra-4E,11(13)dien-12,6alpha-olide, 3beta-hydroxyeicosan-1,5beta-olide, taraxasteryl acetate, 7-O-methylkaempferol, kaempferol, and nepetin were isolated from the flowers of Eupatorium betonicaeforme (Asteraceae). In addition, from the aerial parts were isolated taraxasteryl acetate and alpha- and beta-amyrin, while the mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and 6-acetyl-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one were isolated from the roots. The structure elucidation of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data from literature.